Showing posts with label chomsky. Show all posts
Showing posts with label chomsky. Show all posts

Tuesday, November 1, 2011

An Appeal to Vote Third Party in 2012

Hi. I'm going to try to convince you to vote for a third party candidate in 2012. I know this is going to be difficult, and I probably won't be successful, but you should at least hear me out. Go ahead and watch this video real quick. Yeah, remember this?



This video shows the murder of Iraqi civilians, and two Reuters journalists. As the video explains, the media worked with the government at the time to cover it up, and said they had all been combatants. This video was leaked to Wikileaks by a soldier named Bradley Manning. Manning said in an online chat: "God knows what happens now. Hopefully worldwide discussion, debates, and reforms… I want people to see the truth… because without information, you cannot make informed decisions as a public."

He was arrested for releasing this video in May 2010. Since then, Manning has been held in conditions that have been compared to Abu Ghraib. He has been stripped of his clothes, forced to sleep naked, harassed and humiliated by guards, and at one point he was placed on suicide watch. A United Nations investigator on torture submitted an inquiry to the U.S. State Department, and was answered with evasiveness. A spokesman for the State Department resigned. In April, 295 scholars signed an open letter saying this was violating the Constitution. Only then, did the State Dept. have enough fun, and finally transfer Manning to a prison with slightly more humane conditions. He's still being held and he still has not been convicted of any crimes.

Daniel Ellsberg, the man who leaked the Pentagon Papers, which exposed the government's massive campaign of lies over Vietnam, considers Manning a hero. "[Manning] is being held essentially in isolation, solitary confinement, for something over nine months, something that is likely to drive a person mad and may be the intent of what’s going on here."

Barack Obama has supported this every step of the way. He said of Manning, "If I was to release stuff, information that I’m not authorized to release, I’m breaking the law. … We’re a nation of laws. We don’t individually make our own decisions about how the laws operate. … He broke the law.” You know what else is against the law? Torture.

I don't understand the American left right now. Liberals are acting frighteningly similar to Bush apologists. They either don't comment on Manning at all, or they're with the president and they don't give a shit about psychologically torturing an army veteran.

And they've completely forgotten about the wars. When did these stop being an issue? The Occupy protests are only about jobs and a corrupt economic system? What about fucking thousands of innocent people being killed, and countries being leveled? Isn't this still important? I saw most liberals hailed the troop withdrawal in Iraq as a great victory, and they promptly thanked Obama for it. But none of them seem to know or care that Obama wanted to keep 10,000 troops in Iraq, and it was only the Iraqi Prime Minister's insistence on American troops being held accountable for crimes they commit, that forced Obama to cut his losses. Had American troops stayed, they would've had to stand trial in Iraqi courts if they murdered civilians. Obama tried to fight that, but he lost. His failed foreign policy is the only reason we're finally getting out of Iraq. That's your great president.

We went into Afghanistan to get al-Qaeda. Now, Osama bin Laden is dead, al-Qaeda likely has less than a hundred members left, and they're not even in Afghanistan anymore, they're in Pakistan. So what the fuck are we doing?

The fight in Afghanistan is hopeless. More and more Afghans are siding with the Taliban, not because they like the Taliban, but because they just want the U.S. and Afghanistan's corrupt puppet drug lord government to stop bombing their fucking families. And the thing is, there are democratic movements emerging from Afghanistan, and the U.S. refuses to support them. There are 1.5 times more contractors on the ground in Afghanistan then there are U.S. soldiers. This is about nationbuilding contracts. It's about getting people rich, no different from Iraq, no different from Libya. Afghanistan is not a war that's meant to be won. It's meant to be sustained.

Obama is proposing a troop drawdown from Afghanistan. But when that drawdown is complete, there will still be more troops left there than at any other time under Bush. There is no fucking plan. Afghanistan and Iraq never stopped being the most important issues for me. Doesn't anybody fucking care about this anymore? Have we just become so numb, that perpetual warfare is now the norm? Remember when we were pissed off about meaningless wars, guys? Remember the good ol' days when we were all "George Bush, you fascist, not my president, rah rah!" What changed?

Josh Stieber served with the army in Iraq from February 2007 to April 2008, but has since left as a conscientious objector. He said of the wikileaks "Collateral Murder" video, "This was not by any means the exception. It is inevitable given the situation we were going through. We were going through a lot of combat at the time. A roadside bomb would go off or a sniper would fire a shot, and you had no idea where it was coming from. There was a constant paranoia, a constant being on edge. If you put people in a situation like that where there are plenty of civilians, that kind of thing was going to happen as long as our nation does not challenge these things. Now that this video has become public, it is our responsibility as a people and a country to recognize that this is what war looks like on a day-to-day basis."

Afghanistan has been going on for a decade. This shit happens all the time. If you vote for Barack Obama in 2012, you are going to accept that and keep the process continuing. I don't know how I could live with myself.

And it's not just Afghanistan we need to be worrying about. Obama has stepped up drone strikes all around the region, and hundreds, if not thousands, of innocent people have been murdered by them. The majority are women and children. And if empathy for other human beings won't convince you, then how about your own survival? Do you recognize this guy?



Anwar al-Awlaki was born in New Mexico. He was a recruiter for al-Qaeda, and may have been involved in the botched terrorist attack on Flight 253 on Christmas Day, 2009 (the "underwear bomber"). He was assassinated by a drone strike a few weeks ago. And that needs to worry us all. Even George W. Bush tried to apprehend terrorist suspects. Obama just kills them, and their American citizenship is irrelevant. Do you even understand what this means? The rights we're supposed to enjoy as American citizens are now null and void. If the government deems you a terrorist, it's going to come and kill you. You won't get a trial. You won't be convicted of a crime. You will be murdered, and you will be swept under the rug. What are you going to do about it?

Abdulrahman al-Awlaki couldn't do anything about it. Two weeks ago, Anwar's 16-year-old son was sitting down to eat dinner with his friends. Then a drone missile killed them all. He was also an American. He was from Denver.



The few media outlets that actually acknowledged Obama's bombing of innocent teenagers simply lied about it. They said Abdulrahman was 21. His grandfather released a statement: "To kill a teenager is just unbelievable, really, and they claim that he is an al-Qaeda militant. It’s nonsense. They want to justify his killing, that’s all."

This is inexcusable. I voted for Barack Obama in 2008 expecting this shit to stop. Not only has it not stopped, it has been escalated. The military-industrial complex is more powerful than ever, with trillions of dollars being sucked into it every year. These things are going to continue no matter who you vote for. And if you vote for Obama, you will hold a degree of responsibility. I voted for Barack Obama in 2008. I'm responsible for Abdulrahman al-Awlaki's murder. I refuse to get any more blood on my hands. And maybe if a Republican got into office, liberals would actually start caring about this shit again.

And what of the accomplishments Obama has made? Well, Don't Ask Don't Tell is repealed, which is a wonderful thing. But it's not like Obama fought terribly hard for it. I don't want to demean him too much on this issue, because he really has been good with LGBT rights, but it's just that public opinion concerning DADT began swaying in the other direction, and so Obama rode it. And what about the healthcare bill? Well, it's a Republican bill. When Bill Clinton tried to do this in the 90s, Bob Dole and a group of Republicans put together their own health care plan to answer to him. It's almost exactly similar to what Obama got passed. Clinton decided not to accept it, and fight. He lost. So we're left Obama's bill, basically written by corporate interests. There's no public option, and it forces people to buy shitty deals, which doesn't help the poorest, sickest of Americans. It's a mess. He didn't even fight for the public option. As soon as Republicans raised a peep, he backed off. And there's a reason for this. This is from Samuel Huntington, a political science professor at Harvard, and a long-time consultant to the White House during the war in Vietnam:

The day after [a President’s] election, the size of his majority is almost—if not entirely—irrelevant to this ability to govern the country. What counts then is his ability to mobilize support from the leaders of key institutions in a society and government… . This coalition must include key people in Congress, the executive branch, and the private sector ‘Establishment.’

Truman made a point of bringing a substantial number of non-partisan soldiers, Republican bankers, and Wall Street lawyers into his Administration. He went to the existing sources of power in the country to get help he needed in ruling the country. Eisenhower in part inherited this coalition and was in part almost its creation… . Kennedy attempted to re-create a somewhat similar structure of alliances.


Advocates of the two-party system say that third parties split the vote. Ralph Nader got a lot of shit for this in 2000. They say that if everyone who voted Green had voted Democrat, then Al Gore would've won.

First of all, the 2000 election was stolen. George Bush didn't win. These people are also overlooking a very important fact: people who voted for Nader did not want Al Gore to be President. What makes you think they would've voted for Gore at all, had Nader not been running? They just would've sat it out. And furthermore, sitting there and demeaning a candidate--not because of actual policies, but simply because he's not your candidate--is pretty damn childish.

And what makes you think either of the two major parties even care about you? Barack Obama received more money from Wall Street this year than all nine GOP candidates combined. He doesn't fucking answer to you. Neither party gives a shit about you, and neither gives a shit about democracy. George W. Bush stole the election in 2000, but you're kidding yourself if you think Republicans are the only party that hates democracy. In 2004, the Democratic Party sued the Green Party 24 separate times, in only 12 weeks, to get them off ballots. They don't give the slightest shit about what people actually want.

America is a one party state. Have you ever wondered why American elections have degraded into a personality contests, where nobody ever talks about anything that's fucking important? It's because they don't want to. And the media's complacent in this. As soon as they start talking about important topics, the American people will see just how little they differ on them. Here's Noam Chomsky talking about this:



Voting in the 2012 election will have the exact same impact as not voting at all. Al Gore won the popular vote in 2000, and George W. Bush still won. And our elections are still being stolen to this day. So if voting is meaningless, then why bother vote for a third party at all? The reason I'll be doing it personally, is that there's a stigma attached to not voting. People think that if you don't vote, you don't care. I don't think there's any other topic in my life that I think more about, really. So I don't want to be attached to those statistics that say only half the country votes, therefore half the country is ignorant and doesn't care. And I won't even be voting for Green I don't think, I'll be writing in the Socialist candidate. There are a lot of options out there, do a little research. Going about as if you live in a democracy, while living in an undemocratic state, is probably the most revolutionary act you can do as a law-abiding citizen. I'm basically just trolling by doing this. Fuck them.

And even if you do vote for one of the two major parties, it still won't make any difference. U.S. policy is bipartisan. The president doesn't even have all that much power to decide what U.S. policy is. The president answers to corporate business interests, and to some extent, the military and the CIA. A couple months ago, a report was released claiming the Obama Administration feared a military coup if he pursued Bush for his war crimes. I'm not sure if I believe that, but with the shit the CIA's done, I wouldn't put it past them. At the end of Eisenhower's administration, he began to seriously worry about the power and influence of the CIA, and even spoke about it openly in his farewell address. During the Cuban missile crisis, the commander of the Air Force put the U.S. military on the second-to-highest alert without telling anybody. What this means, is that he put the entire military into attack position. This is only one alert away from pulling the trigger, and it was not meant to be secret. The Soviets clearly saw what the Americans were doing, and it was meant to provoke them into attacking. The commander did this entirely on his own, without asking Kennedy, and he would've sparked World War III had the Soviets risen to the bait. Luckily, they were scared shitless of us and wanted to avoid a war at all costs. And during Kennedy's administration, the CIA just got out of fucking control, going so far as to propose committing terrorist attacks against American citizens. No, really. Go read that. And I don't think the CIA killed Kennedy, so don't try to blow this off as conspiracy bullshit. These things happened. That was 50 years ago, and the CIA's power has only increased. That agency has no oversight, their leadership is made up of racist neocon fanatics, and with the Patriot Act continuing unopposed, they're practically in control the government. What are you going to do about it?

Chris Hedges, in Death of the Liberal Class, talks about something called "inverted totalitarianism."

The liberal class refused to resist the devolution of the U.S. democratic system into what Sheldon Wolin calls a system of inverted totalitarianism. Inverted totalitarianism, Wolin writes, represents "the political coming of age of corporate power and the political demobilization of the citizenry." Inverted totalitarianism differs from classical forms of totalitarianism, which revolve around a demagogue or charismatic leader. It find its expression in the anonymity of the corporate state. The corporate forces behind inverted totalitarianism do not, as classical totalitarian movements do, replace decaying structures with new, revolutionary structures. They do not import new symbols of iconography. They do not offer a radical alternative. Corporate power purports, in inverted totalitarianism, to honor electoral politics, freedom, and the Constitution. But these corporate forces so corrupt and manipulate power as to make democracy impossible.

Inverted totalitarianism is not conceptualized as an ideology or objectified public policy. It is furthered by "power-holders and citizens who often seem unaware of the deeper consequences of their actions or inactions," Wolin writes. But it is not necessary to rewrite the Constitution, as fascist and communist regimes would. It is enough to exploit legitimate power by means of judicial and legislative interpretation. This exploitation ensures that the courts, populated by justices selected and ratified by members of the corporate culture, rule that huge corporate campaign contributions are protected speech under the First Amendment. It ensures that heavily financed and organized lobbying by large corporations is interpreted as an application of the people's right to petition the government. Corporations are treated by the state as persons, as the increasingly conservative U.S. Supreme Court has more and more frequently ruled, except in those cases where the "persons" agree to a "settlement." Those within corporations who commit crimes can avoid going to prison by paying large sums of money to the government without "admitting any wrongdoing," according to this twisted judicial reasoning. There is a word for this: corruption.

[...]

There is no national institution left that can accurately be described as democratic. Citizens, rather than authentically participating in power, have only virtual opinions, in what Charlotte Twight calls "participatory fascism." They are reduced to expressing themselves on issues that are meaningless, voting on American Idol or in polls conducted by the power elite. The citizens of Rome, stripped of political power, are allowed to vote to spare or kill a gladiator in the arena, a similar form of hollow public choice.


Voting in a serious way is actually counterproductive in my opinion, because it gives you a false sense of security. It makes you think you actually hold some degree of power. You don't. You don't live in a democracy. You don't pick the candidates. Political parties financed and influenced by private capitalists pick your candidates. If I'm making you feel a little hopeless right now, then good. I went through that phase, and it lasted for a couple weeks. Then I accepted it, and the hopelessness was channeled into anger. It's difficult to describe just how fucking angry I've become over the last couple months, and that's probably been resonating in this post. And I only get more angry the more I read about this shit, and I can't stop reading about it. Did you know I'm beginning to understand Marxist revolutionaries, and even anarchism? I don't want to understand those people. That's how bad it's gotten. In an undemocratic society, anger is a gift. It's yours, and it's the only amount of power you can ever hope to have.

Monday, October 3, 2011

Friday, September 30, 2011

Chomsky to RT: Bush tortured people, but Obama just kills them



He also talks about OccupyWallStreet, the Arab Spring, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Friday, August 26, 2011

New Chomsky piece - American Decline: Causes and Consequences

"The costs of the Bush-Obama wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are now estimated to run as high as $4.4 trillion – a major victory for Osama bin Laden, whose announced goal was to bankrupt America by drawing it into a trap."

Christ, I may as well rename this thing to "The Howard Zinn and Noam Chomsky blog"

Chomsky argues that the reason why the U.S. is on the decline is because it's losing control of regions it's typically been exploiting. This loosening of imperialism has been going on for decades. He believes that the U.S.'s most recent actions/interests in the Middle East, with Egypt and with Libya, are nothing but power grabs for a region it's trying to gain control over.

A further danger to US hegemony was the possibility of meaningful moves towards democracy. New York Times executive editor Bill Keller writes movingly of Washington’s “yearning to embrace the aspiring democrats across North Africa and the Middle East.” But recent polls of Arab opinion reveal very clearly that functioning democracy where public opinion influences policy would be disastrous for Washington. Not surprisingly, the first few steps in Egypt's foreign policy after ousting Mubarak have been strongly opposed by the US and its Israeli client.


It makes a lot of sense. In the 60s and 70s, post-Chinese revolution, we lost control of the region, and so we just couldn't stop invading countries in Asia. In the 80s, we began losing control of South America, and so we couldn't leave them alone. Now look at us. The only evil dictators we care about are in the Middle East. We're carrying out military operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen, and Libya. Maybe more, those are only the ones off the top of my head. In 2007, Dick Cheney tried to convince the president to bomb Syria. Bush refused. Three months later, Israel bombed Syria. I'm now beginning to see why Chomsky has described Israel as basically an American colony.

Furthermore, he demolishes the current political climate.

In parallel, the cost of elections skyrocketed, driving both parties even deeper into corporate pockets. What remains of political democracy has been undermined further as both parties have turned to auctioning congressional leadership positions. Political economist Thomas Ferguson observes that “uniquely among legislatures in the developed world, U.S. congressional parties now post prices for key slots in the lawmaking process.” The legislators who fund the party get the posts, virtually compelling them to become servants of private capital even beyond the norm. The result, Ferguson continues, is that debates “rely heavily on the endless repetition of a handful of slogans that have been battle tested for their appeal to national investor blocs and interest groups that the leadership relies on for resources.”

The post-Golden Age economy is enacting a nightmare envisaged by the classical economists, Adam Smith and David Ricardo. Both recognized that if British merchants and manufacturers invested abroad and relied on imports, they would profit, but England would suffer. Both hoped that these consequences would be averted by home bias, a preference to do business in the home country and see it grow and develop. Ricardo hoped that thanks to home bias, most men of property would “be satisfied with the low rate of profits in their own country, rather than seek a more advantageous employment for their wealth in foreign nations.

In the past 30 years, the “masters of mankind,” as Smith called them, have abandoned any sentimental concern for the welfare of their own society, concentrating instead on short-term gain and huge bonuses, the country be damned – as long as the powerful nanny state remains intact to serve their interests.

[...]

By shredding the remnants of political democracy, they lay the basis for carrying the lethal process forward – as long as their victims are willing to suffer in silence.


You should read the thing for yourself, I think it's pretty brilliant. Here's a video that was embedded in the article, it's an Al Jazeera interview of Chomsky from 2007 where he talks about much of the same stuff.

Tuesday, August 16, 2011

Summer Reading Recommendations

I don't know what it is, but I just can't read fiction anymore. My brain rewired itself or something, I dunno, but I'm just not that interested in it anymore. I tried reading through Game of Thrones again, but I only got about halfway through it before putting it down. These are what I've been reading. You should read them too.



This book is very biased, and Zinn writes a disclaimer admitting it. His goal with this book was to tell the story of the oppressed, rather than from the sugarcoated perspective we normally see in history. I would not recommend you start this if you don't already know a thing or two about American history already, so that you can fairly weigh his arguments and disagree with them if you want. For example, I felt that his treatment of the founders was a little unfair. He criticizes them for forming a republic that mostly benefited the elite (true), rather than focusing a social democracy. While certainly valid, I felt that it was a little unfair since Marx and Engels wouldn't write the manifesto until a century later, and they were never exposed to those ideas.

I'm still not through with it yet. It's pretty massive. But that's the great thing about most nonfiction. You can put it down and pick it back up over the course of a few months, like with I've been doing. I'm in the late 1800s/early 1900s right now, and he's going over all the union struggles, and the government's collaboration with business to stamp them out. I'm learning a shit ton of great new info that all my other history books completely breezed over. This book is pretty essential if you want a full picture.

Zinn has a companion book called Voices of a People's History of the United States, which I haven't picked up yet. It's a collection of essays, letters, speeches, and other forms of written word, directly out of the mouths of the people who lived in the eras. I can't wait. Here's an excellent excerpt I found on youtube. This is Josh Brolin reading a statement from pre-Civil War hero John Brown at his court hearing, who led armed insurrection at Harper's Ferry in the hopes of sparking a slave revolution.



And here's Sandra Oh reading Yuri Kochiyama, a Japanese American who was put into a concentration camp during World War II. I couldn't decide which video I liked better, so yeah here's both. Can you understand why I can't fucking wait to get to this? I mean Christ, this almost made me tear up.



--




You can skip over the history stuff if you're not into it, but Empire of Illusion is an absolutely must-read. Hedges describes in excruciating detail just how braindead our society is, and attempts to explain how we got here. This is very grim. He makes a convincing argument that everything is basically hopeless, and all it will take for fascism to arise in the United States is one more 9/11-type disaster, and a demagogue to take advantage of it. He sees little hope, and is convinced that if drastic action is not taken immediately to counteract this illiterate, delusional society, we'll just slip further and further, and soon go the way of Weimar.



--




I feel that it's a little unsafe to base your entire worldview on only one person, but I really can't help it in this case. In high school it was Gandhi, and now I guess it's becoming Noam Chomsky. Reading this book has shifted the lens through which I view the world. You can't say that very many times throughout your life. This is what changed me from being disappointed with Obama and the Democratic party, to advocating tearing down the entire bullshit corrupt corporatist system, and starting anew. This is what convinced me that socialism is a good idea. Understanding Power is a collection of lectures Chomsky has given over the decades, and given that all of his opinions are in one compact place, this seems like the best place to start with him. Can't recommend it enough.

Saturday, August 6, 2011

Noam Chomsky on whether human nature is inherently corrupt, and on moral values

MAN: Noam, another view I frequently encounter lying behind people's reticence to become involved in political activity stems from the idea that human nature is corrupt: egotistical, self-centered, anti-social, and so on--and that as a result, society will always have oppressors and oppressed, be hierarchical, exploit people, be driven by individual self-interest, etc. I often find that you can get agreement on the inhumanity of the system, or on the injustice of a war, or on some specific set of policies, but that people will refrain from becoming active about it because of a sense of hopelessness having to do with this view of human nature. Again, it may just be an excuse, a last line of defense against getting involved--but in order to deal with it as an organizer, you still have to address the claim. I'm curious what you would say to someone like that.

Well, there's a sense in which the claim is certainly true. First of all, human nature is something we don't know much about: doubtless there is a rich and complex human nature, and doubtless it's largely genetically determined, like everything else--but we don't know what it is. However, there is enough evidence from history and experience to demonstrate that human nature is entirely consistent with everything you mentioned--in fact, by definition it has to be. So we know that human nature, and that includes our nature, yours and mine, can very easily turn people into quite efficient torturers and mass-murderers and slave-drivers. We know that--you don't have to look very far for evidence. But what does that mean? Should people therefore not try to stop torture? If you see somebody beating a child to death, should you say, "Well, you know, that's human nature"--which it is in fact: there certainly are conditions under which people will act like that.

To the extent that the statement is true, and there is such an extent, it's just not relevant: human nature also has the capacity to lead to selflessness, and cooperation, and sacrifice, and support, and solidarity, and tremendous courage, and lots of other things too.

I mean, my general feeling is that over time, there's measurable progress--it's not huge, but it's significant. And sometimes it's been pretty dramatic. Over history, there's been a real widening of the moral realm, I think--a recognition of broader and broader domains of individuals who are regarded as moral agents, meaning having rights. Look, we are self-conscious beings, we're not rocks, and we can come to get a better understanding of our own nature, it can become more and more realized over time--not because you read a book about it, the book doesn't have anything to tell you, because nobody really knows anything about this topic. But just through experience--including historical experience, which is part of our personal experience because it's embedded in the culture we enter into--we can gain greater understanding of our nature and values.

Take the treatment of children, for example. In the medieval period, it was considered quite legitimate to either kill them, or throw them out, or treat them brutally, all sorts of things. It still happens of course, but now it's regarded as pathological, not proper. Well, it's not that we have a different moral capacity than people did in the Middle Ages, it's just that the situation's changed: there are opportunities to think about things that weren't available in a society that had a lower material production level and so on. So we've just learned more about our own moral sense in that area.

I think it's part of moral progress to be able to face things that once looked as if they weren't problems. I have that kind of feeling about our relation to animals, for example--I think the questions there are hard, in fact. A lot of these things are matters of trying to explore your own moral intuitions, and if you've never explored them, you don't know what they are. Abortion's a similar case--there are complicated moral issues. Feminist issues were a similar case. Slavery was a similar case. I mean, some of these things seem easy now, because we've solved them and there's a kind of shared consensus--but I think it's a very good thing that people are asking questions these days about, say, animals rights. I think there are serious questions there. Like, to what extent do we have a right to experiment on and torture animals? I mean, yes, you want to do animal experimentation for the prevention of diseases. But what's the balance, where's the trade-off? There's obviously got to be some. Like, we'd all agree that too much torture of animals for treating a disease would not permissible. But what are the principles on which we draw such conclusions? That's not a trivial question.

MAN: What about eating?

Same question.

MAN: Are you a vegetarian?

I'm not, but I think it's a serious question. If you want my guess, my guess is that if society continues to develop without catastrophe on something like the course you can see over time, I wouldn't in the least be surprised if it moves in the direction of vegetarianism and the protection of animal rights.

Look, doubtless there's plenty of hypocrisy and confusion and everything else about the question right now, but that doesn't mean that the issue isn't valid. And I think one can see the moral force to it--definitely one should keep an open mind on it, it's certainly a perfectly intelligible idea to us.

I mean, you don't have to go back every far in history to find gratuitous torture of animals. So in Cartesian philosophy, they thought they'd proven that humans had minds and everything else in the world was a machine--so there's no difference between a cat and a watch, let's say, just the cat's a little more complicated. And if you look back at the French Court in the seventeenth century, courtiers--you know, big smart guys who'd studied all this stuff and thought they understood it--would as a sport take Lady So-And-So's favorite dog and kick it and beat it to death, and laugh, saying, "Ha, ha, look, this silly lady doesn't understand the latest philosophy, which shows that it's just like dropping a rock on the floor." That was gratuitous torture of animals, and it was regarded as if it were the torturing of a rock; you can't do it, there's no way to torture a rock. Well, the moral sphere has certainly changed in that respect--gratuitous torture of animals is no longer considered quite legitimate.

MAN: But in that case it could be that what's changed is our understanding of what an animal is, not the understanding of our underlying values.

In that case it probably was--because in fact the Cartesian view was a departure from the traditional view, in which you didn't torture animals gratuitously. On the other hand, there are cultures, like say aristocratic cultures, that have fox-hunting as a sport, or bear-baiting, or other things like that, in which gratuitous torture of animals has been seen as perfectly legitimate.

In fact, it's kind of intriguing to see how we regard this. Take cock-fighting, for example, in which cocks are trained to tear each other to shreds. Our culture happens to regard that as barbaric; on the other hand, we train humans to tear each other to shreds--they're called boxing matches--and that's not regarded as barbaric. So there are things that we don't permit of cocks that we permit of poor people. Well, you know, there are some funny values at work there.

MAN: You mentioned abortion--what's your view about that whole debate?

I think it's a hard one, I don't think the answers are simple--it's a case where there really are conflicting values. See, it's very rare in most human situations that there's a clear and simple answer about what's right, and sometimes the answers are very murky, because there are different values, and values do conflict. I mean, our understanding of our own moral value system is that it's not like an axiom system, where there's always one answer and not some other answer. Rather we have what appear to be conflicting values, which often lead us to different answers--maybe because we don't understand all the values well enough yet, or maybe because they really are in conflict. Well, in the case of abortion, there are just straight conflicts. From one point of view, a child up to a certain point is an organ of the mother's body, and the mother ought to have a decision what to do--and that's true. From another point of view, the organism is a potential human being, and it has rights. And those two values are simply in conflict.

On the other hand, a biologist I know once suggested that we may one day be able to see the same conflict when a woman washes her hands. I mean, when a woman washes her hands, a lot of cells flake off--and in principle, each of those cells has the genetic instructions for a human being. Well, you could imagine a future technology which would take one of those cells, and create a human being from it. Now, obviously he was making the argument as a reductio ad absurdum argument, but there's an element of truth to it--not that much yet, but it's not like saying something about astrology. What he's saying is true.

If you want to know my own personal judgment, I would say a reasonable proposal at this point is that the fetus changes from an organ to a person when it becomes viable--but certainly that's arguable. And besides, as this biologist was pointing out, it's not very clear when that is--depending on the state of technology, it could be when the woman's washing her hands. That's life, though: in life you're faced with hard decisions, conflicting values.

Saturday, July 30, 2011

Noam Chomsky, on the human drive to advance

MAN: But if we ever had a society with no wage incentive and no authority, where would the drive come to advance and grow?

Well, the drive to "advance"--I think you have to ask exactly what that means. If you mean a drive to produce more, well, who wants it? Is that necessarily the right thing to do? It's not obvious. In fact, in many areas it's probably the wrong thing to do--maybe it's a good thing that there wouldn't be the same drive to produce. People have to be driven to have certain wants in our system--why? Why not leave them alone so they can be happy, do other things?

Whatever "drive" there is ought to be internal. So take a look at kids: they're creative, they explore, they want to try new things. I mean, why does a kid start to walk? You take a one-year-old kid, he's crawling fine, he can get anywhere across the room he likes really fast, so fast his parents have to run after to keep him from knocking everything down--all of a sudden he gets up and starts walking. He's terrible at walking: he walks one step and he falls on his face, and if he wants to really get somewhere he's going to crawl. So why do kids start walking? Well, they just want to do new things, that's the way people are built. We're built to want to do new things, even if they're not efficient, even if they're harmful, even if you get hurt--and I don't think that ever stops.

People want to explore, we want to press our capacities to their limits, we want to appreciate what we can. But the joy of creation is something very few people get the opportunity to have in our society: artists get to have it, craftspeople have it, scientists. And if you've been lucky enough to have had that opportunity, you know it's quite an experience--and it doesn't have to be discovering Einstein's theory of relativity: anybody can have that pleasure, even by seeing what other people have done. For instance, if you read even a simple mathematical proof like Pythagorean Theorem, what you study in tenth grade, and you finally figure out what it's all about, that's exciting--"My God, I never understood that before." Okay, that's creativity, even though somebody else proved it two thousand years ago.

[...]

Well, I think people should be able to live in a society where they can exercise these kinds of internal drives and develop their capacities freely--instead of being forced into the narrow range of options that are available to most people in the world now. And by that, I mean not only options that are objectively available, but also options that are subjectively available--like, how are people allowed to think how are they able to think? Remember, there are all kinds of ways of thinking that are cut off from us in our society--not because we're incapable of them, but because various blockages have been developed and imposed to prevent people from thinking in those ways. That's what indoctrination is about in the first place, in fact--and I don't mean somebody giving you lectures: sitcoms on television, sports that you watch, every aspect of the culture implicitly involves an expression of what a "proper" life and a "proper" set of values are, and that's all indoctrination.

So I think what has to happen is, other portions have to be opened up to people--both subjectively, and in fact concretely: meaning you can do something about them without great suffering. And that's one of the main purposes of socialism, I think: to reach a point where people have the opportunity to decide freely for themselves what their needs are, and not just have the "choices" forced on them by some arbitrary system of power.

Monday, July 25, 2011

Howard Zinn and Noam Chomsky on Democracy Now!

This was four years ago, so it was obviously before Zinn's death early last year. He's the author of A People's History of the United States, which was the first time an established historian attempted to look at American history critically, through the eyes of those the government oppressed (slaves, minorities, workers, immigrants, women, Indians, etc.) I doubt I need to introduce Chomsky. This is an hour long. If you want to get inside my current head, you should probably watch these, because these two are my fucking heroes at the moment.









Thursday, July 21, 2011

Cenk Uygur of The Young Turks left MSNBC after being called into an office, and told that "Washington" doesn't like his tone.

Source

[...]

Mr. Uygur, who by most accounts was well liked within MSNBC, said in an interview that he turned down the new contract because he felt Mr. Griffin had been the recipient of political pressure. In April, he said, Mr. Griffin “called me into his office and said that he’d been talking to people in Washington, and that they did not like my tone.” He said he guessed Mr. Griffin was referring to White House officials, though he had no evidence for the assertion. He also said that Mr. Griffin said the channel was part of the “establishment,” and “that you need to act like it.”

MSNBC is home to many hosts who criticize President Obama and other Democrats from a progressive point of view, but at times Mr. Uygur could be especially harsh.

In an interview on Wednesday, Mr. Griffin denied Mr. Uygur’s accusations and sounded disappointed that he had decided not to accept the weekend position. “We never told Cenk what to say or what not to say,” Mr. Griffin said.

The “people in Washington,” he said, were MSNBC producers who were responsible for booking guests for the 6 p.m. hour, and some of them had said that Mr. Uygur’s aggressive body language and overall demeanor were making it harder to book guests. “The conversation was, ‘Hey, look, here’s how we can make it better’ — about physical things on the show,” Mr. Griffin said.

Mr. Uygur’s audience on “The Young Turks” Webcast, which is separate from MSNBC, is younger than the audience on cable television, Mr. Griffin added, suggesting that the two demographics require different manners of speaking. Mr. Uygur stood by his account, saying in an e-mail, “That conversation on that day was not about body language.”

Dan Pfeiffer, the White House communications director, said in an e-mail Wednesday that his staff did not raise any concerns about the show “with Phil Griffin or anyone else.”

“I didn’t agree with everything said on the show, but certainly didn’t have any problem with it,” Mr. Pfeiffer added.


I doubt anyone from the U.S. government is responsible for this, but it's still a little disconcerting. If you can't tell by some of the videos I've been posting, I've been reading a lot of Noam Chomsky recently (you can partially blame him for how leftist I'm getting). He talks a lot about this 'establishment' all across the media, which suppresses free press and does everything in its power to uphold the status quo. He believes most media outlets in the United States--whether we perceive them to be 'left wing' or 'right wing'-- answer to the interests of corporations, and indirectly, to the government. He actually cowrote a book about it, which I plan on reading after I get done with Understanding Power. What happened with Olbermann, and now Cenk, is not helping.

Friday, July 15, 2011